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  1. STAMPED Properties/

S — Self-contained

A research object must never rely on implicit external state – the “don’t look up” rule. All modules and components essential to replicate computational execution must be contained within a single top-level boundary.

Components may be included literally (files committed directly) or by reference (subdatasets, registered data URLs), provided the references are explicit and tracked. Self-containment is the foundational property upon which the remaining STAMPED properties build.

See the STAMPED paper for the full treatment.